Hello everyone!
Just new at this place.
Glad to be here.
Thanks for attention
Regards,
Ruslan Ratush
Just new at this place.
Glad to be here.
Thanks for attention

Regards,
Ruslan Ratush
Please note that following the data breach issue Hostdoc has closed its business with immediate effect. This means that VPSs 13 & 14 are no longer available to post4vps.
I'll be removing VPSs 13 & 14 from our current Giveaway and ask those who applied, to apply for another VPS.
We thank HostDoc for their excellent service during the two years when they provided us with locations completely outside our normal location zone. I.e. Australia and Singapore and then recently changing Singapore to Finland. Those IPs were very valuable. We're really sorry to see the business failing.
I'll be removing VPSs 13 & 14 from our current Giveaway and ask those who applied, to apply for another VPS.
We thank HostDoc for their excellent service during the two years when they provided us with locations completely outside our normal location zone. I.e. Australia and Singapore and then recently changing Singapore to Finland. Those IPs were very valuable. We're really sorry to see the business failing.
Email from Hostdoc to Dynamo Wrote:HostDoc Is Closing (2 Feb 2020)
It is with great regret that I write this email.
HostDoc will be closing its doors today and will no longer accept orders for any service moving forward.
All payment gateways are now inactive. All clients will be refunded pro-rata and a few refunds have already began being issued. If your refund has not yet been recieved, please open a ticket and be patient, all valid requests will be refunded.
If you have a paypal subscription set up, please cancel it now.
As much as I enjoy providing a hosting service basically for free (there has never been a profit margin which was not reinvested into new hardware), and as much as I can fend away many if not most of the trolls or those that try and bring the brand or reputation down, it is a much harder feat when it is someone that was once trusted.
As such, this is a notice that backs ups should immediately be taken and alternative hosting solutions be sought as a replacement for the services you currently have with us.
Services will not go down immediately, however, acting immediately would see you prepared for when our services do eventually go down which can be up to 30 days from today.
Our cpanel shared hosting may stay available for the next 6 months. If this is the case, no further fee will be charged to current users however, you are urged to use this time to prepare backups and migrate away from HostDoc.
I am sorry to those I will be letting down with this decision.
I am sorry I could not be the host I envisioned being.
Thank you for choosing HostDoc and allowing us to serve you as best as we could.
Windows 10 updates - are they still completely automatic or is there a workaround yet for controlling them with the option of disabling or enabling them manually?
About two years ago we had a discussion here about the Home version of Windows 10 making automatic updates compulsory. I.e. there isn't an option to disable automatic downloads so you can pick or disregard some of the updates. One can disable it but it would only be temporary and will be enabled without the ability to control when it gets enabled again.
My question is has someone found a work around of this? Is there a way one can disable automatic updates for Windows 10 or at least have some control over the process?
And if not, what Windows 10 (Home/Professional/Enterprise/Education) allow disabling of automatic updates?
About two years ago we had a discussion here about the Home version of Windows 10 making automatic updates compulsory. I.e. there isn't an option to disable automatic downloads so you can pick or disregard some of the updates. One can disable it but it would only be temporary and will be enabled without the ability to control when it gets enabled again.
My question is has someone found a work around of this? Is there a way one can disable automatic updates for Windows 10 or at least have some control over the process?
And if not, what Windows 10 (Home/Professional/Enterprise/Education) allow disabling of automatic updates?
Fully automated Let's Encrypt certificate renewal with CloudFlare
Hello Post4VPS Community!
The subject of todays guide is to provide you all necessary information in order to setup fully automated Let's Encrypt (wildcard) certificate renewals with the help of CloudFlare as your DNS provider. In this guide we will not be using any CDN or other features provided by CloudFlare - only their anycast DNS service. CloudFlare is officially supported by Let's Encrypt for automated renewals through their new ACMEv2 API (domain verification by DNS and wildcard certificates).
The sample setup used during the creation of this guide is a server that is running Debian "Buster" 10, Nginx 1.17.8 (dockerized) acting as a web server and a recent copy of Let's Encrypt Certbot. A big thanks to NanoKVM @Neoon for providing the server free of charge to make this possible. Checkout NanoKVM and this thread for more information.
I'm using one of my eu.org domains and my own CloudFlare account. In order to make this guide independent from OS, web server and other things I will not cover topics such as a) how to install any OS, b) how to install any web server and c) how to install Cerbot or alike. Therefore I will be using Certbot with parameters to request only certificates and omit automatic setup of web servers supported by Certbot. Certificate setup on the web server is again a point that strongly depends on the web server used.
Furthermore I will not cover how to setup your domain with your Cloudflare account. This is easy and CloudFlare provides clear instructions that are easy to follow. Just as a note: when you create the DNS records for your domain simply don't tunnel them through CloudFlare (the little cloud icon should be grey) to use only their DNS service and omit any other feature such as their own SSL service or others. Basically said this guide requires prior knowledge with web servers, DNS and the ability to look up how to install a Let's Encrypt client like Certbot.
The subject of todays guide is to provide you all necessary information in order to setup fully automated Let's Encrypt (wildcard) certificate renewals with the help of CloudFlare as your DNS provider. In this guide we will not be using any CDN or other features provided by CloudFlare - only their anycast DNS service. CloudFlare is officially supported by Let's Encrypt for automated renewals through their new ACMEv2 API (domain verification by DNS and wildcard certificates).
The sample setup used during the creation of this guide is a server that is running Debian "Buster" 10, Nginx 1.17.8 (dockerized) acting as a web server and a recent copy of Let's Encrypt Certbot. A big thanks to NanoKVM @Neoon for providing the server free of charge to make this possible. Checkout NanoKVM and this thread for more information.
I'm using one of my eu.org domains and my own CloudFlare account. In order to make this guide independent from OS, web server and other things I will not cover topics such as a) how to install any OS, b) how to install any web server and c) how to install Cerbot or alike. Therefore I will be using Certbot with parameters to request only certificates and omit automatic setup of web servers supported by Certbot. Certificate setup on the web server is again a point that strongly depends on the web server used.
Furthermore I will not cover how to setup your domain with your Cloudflare account. This is easy and CloudFlare provides clear instructions that are easy to follow. Just as a note: when you create the DNS records for your domain simply don't tunnel them through CloudFlare (the little cloud icon should be grey) to use only their DNS service and omit any other feature such as their own SSL service or others. Basically said this guide requires prior knowledge with web servers, DNS and the ability to look up how to install a Let's Encrypt client like Certbot.
Prerequisites
In addition to the above prerequisites you need, as I already said before, intermediate knowledge with topics such as a) how to install a web server and set it up, b) how to install a Let's Encrypt client on your server, c) basic Linux knowledge that you should already have if you did the previously mentioned things and d) simply said also knowledge of how to setup DNS for your domain. This guide is not spoon-feeding!
- a server with a server Linux OS of your choice (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc.)
- a web server of your choice to use with the SSL certificate (Nginx, Apache, etc.)
- a copy of a Certbot client should be installed on your server (certbot, certbot-auto, etc.)
- a free CloudFlare account to use their DNS service with your domain
- a domain that is already pointed to your CloudFlare with DNS records already setup
In addition to the above prerequisites you need, as I already said before, intermediate knowledge with topics such as a) how to install a web server and set it up, b) how to install a Let's Encrypt client on your server, c) basic Linux knowledge that you should already have if you did the previously mentioned things and d) simply said also knowledge of how to setup DNS for your domain. This guide is not spoon-feeding!
Get your CloudFlare API key
To be able to actually perform automated Let's Encrypt certificate renewals you need your CloudFlare API token that has access to your DNS zones and can manage them. Through this API key the Let's Encrypt client can perfrom all necessary steps to perform the DNS verification for your domain, issue the certificate AND later on perform renewals that also generally require a re-verification of domain ownership through DNS.
You have to keep the API key very safe as it allows basically full access to all features and functions of your CloudFlare account! You could create a dedicated API Token with access only to DNS zones but this is a very different matter and requires full knowledge of the available options when creating such dedicated tokens which is at the moment out of my scope and knowledge. If some permission is missing for the API token it is possible that the setup and renewal will simply fail as the Let's Encrypt client won't be able to perform its tasks.
Create a credential file for your API key
To make it easier to use the CloudFlare API key on your server you can create a simple credential file that contains all necessary information for the Let's Encrypt client or other software to use the CloudFlare API through your account and for you domains.
If you use a user that has sudo rights to perform any of the commands below always remember to add "sudo" before any of the commands where necessary!
That's it! Now you have a file that contains your CloudFlare API credentials to use them with the Let's Encrypt client or other software if necessary. We will actually use this in the next part of the guide where we will request the SSL certificate for our domain.
Request a Let's Encrypt (wildcard) certificate with the CloudFlare plugin
At this point it is time to finally request the SSL certificate from Let's Encrypt for your domain using the official automated DNS verification method that supports CloudFlare DNS through the API.
If you use a user that has sudo rights to perform any of the commands below always remember to add "sudo" before any of the commands where necessary!
You can see if auto renewal will with the dry-run option of certbot:
The simulated certificate renewal should be running successfully.
You should create a cronjob that will run the renewal command and restart your web server after the certificate has been renewed.
Something like:
This runs the renewal command every night at 01:05 and also restarts your web server afterwards. Again adjust the commands to your system and web server!
To be able to actually perform automated Let's Encrypt certificate renewals you need your CloudFlare API token that has access to your DNS zones and can manage them. Through this API key the Let's Encrypt client can perfrom all necessary steps to perform the DNS verification for your domain, issue the certificate AND later on perform renewals that also generally require a re-verification of domain ownership through DNS.
- Open your browser and go to the CloudFlare homepage.
- Sign in with your CloudFlare account to proceed.
- Click on the profile icon at the top and select "My Profile" in the dropdown menu.
- On the page that is now open go to "API Tokens" option at the top.
- Down in the area "API Keys" click on the blue "View" button for the "Global API Key".
- Enter your CloudFlare account password and you will get your API key.
- Save this API key and always remember to keep it safe!
You have to keep the API key very safe as it allows basically full access to all features and functions of your CloudFlare account! You could create a dedicated API Token with access only to DNS zones but this is a very different matter and requires full knowledge of the available options when creating such dedicated tokens which is at the moment out of my scope and knowledge. If some permission is missing for the API token it is possible that the setup and renewal will simply fail as the Let's Encrypt client won't be able to perform its tasks.
Create a credential file for your API key
To make it easier to use the CloudFlare API key on your server you can create a simple credential file that contains all necessary information for the Let's Encrypt client or other software to use the CloudFlare API through your account and for you domains.
If you use a user that has sudo rights to perform any of the commands below always remember to add "sudo" before any of the commands where necessary!
- Connect to your server and login as root or a user that has sudo rights.
- Create a directory called ".secrets" (you can actually call it how you want) with mkdir like:
Code:mkdir ~/.secrets - Create a empty file called cloudflare.ini inside the .secrets folder like:
Code:touch ~/.secrets/cloudflare.ini - Open the cloudflare.ini with a text editor like nano:
Code:nano ~/.secrets/cloudflare.ini - Paste the following into the file and fill in your CloudFlare e-mail address and the API key.
Code:dns_cloudflare_email = "emailaddress"
dns_cloudflare_api_key = "apikey" - Save the file and close the text editor.
- To improve the security of the credential file setup the follow permissions for the folder and the file like:
Code:chmod 0700 ~/.secrets/
chmod 0400 ~/.secrets/cloudflare.ini
That's it! Now you have a file that contains your CloudFlare API credentials to use them with the Let's Encrypt client or other software if necessary. We will actually use this in the next part of the guide where we will request the SSL certificate for our domain.
Request a Let's Encrypt (wildcard) certificate with the CloudFlare plugin
At this point it is time to finally request the SSL certificate from Let's Encrypt for your domain using the official automated DNS verification method that supports CloudFlare DNS through the API.
If you use a user that has sudo rights to perform any of the commands below always remember to add "sudo" before any of the commands where necessary!
- Install the certbot CloudFlare plugin:
Code:apt-get install python3-certbot-dns-cloudflare - Run the following command to request a wildcard certificate for your domain:
Remember to replace the domain with your actual domain that is hosted with CloudFlare DNS service.Code:certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials ~/.secrets/cloudflare.ini -d example.com,*.example.com --preferred-challenges dns-01
- Fill in your e-mail address.
- Agree to all terms of services and similar agreements displayed to you.
- Wait for the client to perform the certificate request and DNS verification.
- Bingo! You have your certificate.
You can see if auto renewal will with the dry-run option of certbot:
Code:
certbot renew --dry-runThe simulated certificate renewal should be running successfully.
You should create a cronjob that will run the renewal command and restart your web server after the certificate has been renewed.
Something like:
Code:
1 5 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet --post-hook "/usr/sbin/service nginx reload" > /dev/null 2>&1Now you have a free wildcard SSL certificate for your domain provided by Let's Encrypt and you have setup automated renewals based on CloudFlare DNS and the CloudFlare plugin for cerbot that performs automatic DNS domain verification. This way you never have to worry about expiring SSL certificates for your websites.
Again a huge thanks to @Neoon and his awesome NanoKVM service!
Thank you for reading my guide and I hope that it helps you with your journey on the web and as a VPS owner/webmaster.
Again a huge thanks to @Neoon and his awesome NanoKVM service!
Thank you for reading my guide and I hope that it helps you with your journey on the web and as a VPS owner/webmaster.
A lot of people will surely already know but for the others: 1 February 2020 the Brexit process started and will end on the end of 2020, we can say that starting 2021 UK will be official out of EU and will be alone.
The entire 2020 will be a crucial moment because UK will try to set up an agreement with EU regarding the business relations.
What do you think about it?
Brexit has been delayed for 2 year and now it started, during these 2 year we saw a lot of people begin against this separation but UK is going to do it any way.
The vote results have been set public and we can say that the majority of vote are from old people, the youngsters voted against it. Regarding this news, right now the web is talking about the "UK and its colonialism is back".
This is my little sum-up regarding Brexit effects:
The entire 2020 will be a crucial moment because UK will try to set up an agreement with EU regarding the business relations.
What do you think about it?
Brexit has been delayed for 2 year and now it started, during these 2 year we saw a lot of people begin against this separation but UK is going to do it any way.
The vote results have been set public and we can say that the majority of vote are from old people, the youngsters voted against it. Regarding this news, right now the web is talking about the "UK and its colonialism is back".
This is my little sum-up regarding Brexit effects:
- Right now there is any real good study about the post-brexit economy but we can be sure that GBP will suffer and its value will go down;
- No more EU financial help;
- Unknown relations between European Banks and their UK's customers;
- No EU laws/regulations will be applied to UK so: no more free data roaming for example, no more GDPR;
- As a student, I will not be able to go with Erasmus on the UK, and as a tourist I will need a passport to go there;
- Every purchase on the UK will be under customs clearance;
- Foreign people will no have right to stay there to work, they will need new proper paper document to do so.
These are the worst cases if UK will not find any agreement with EU.
18 VPSs are Available
- 6x VPS 1
- 2x VPS 3
- 2x VPS 6
- 1x VPS 8
- 1x VPS 9 (Location: Dallas) (Note: Detailed justification needed for using large specs)
- 2x VPS 10
- 1x VPS 11
- 1x VPS 12
- 1x VPS 16
- 1x VPS 17
For comparing the VPS Specifications, Users can check https://post4vps.com/compare/#1,3,6,8,9,10,11,12,16,17
PLEASE READ AND UNDERSTAND THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE SPONSOR BEFORE YOU APPLY - REFER BELOW:
- Users must read and agree to all terms of the SPONSOR (of the VPS which they want) when they apply. These can be found on our Plans Page.
- When you apply, please let us know your preferred OS and the Domain you will be using with the VPS.
Please Read before Applying
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Review of VPS 4
Generously Sponsored by Shadow Hosting
after 7 months of uses and abuses :-P
Today is 31st January, 2020 and I got this crazy VPS from our awesome Post4VPS giveaway in the first week of July, 2019. It is a KVM VPS located in Germany ( Hetzner Online gmbh Datacentre ).
Let me get the specs out there,
Specifications:
Processor: Intel Xeon E5-1650 v2
Topology: 2 Processors, 2 Cores [from Geekbench 5]
Code:
root@shadow:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
...
model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v2 @ 3.50GHz
...
cpu MHz: 3499.990
cache size: 12288 KB
...
bugs: cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips: 6999.98That bug-details really worried me. But ! .. yes ! But the following result will put you at ease !
Code:
root@shadow:~# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 62
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v2 @ 3.50GHz
Stepping: 4
CPU MHz: 3499.990
BogoMIPS: 6999.98
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32 KiB
L1i cache: 32 KiB
L2 cache: 256 KiB
L3 cache: 12 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: KVM: Vulnerable
Vulnerability L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion
Vulnerability Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT Host state unknown
Vulnerability Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Full generic retpoline, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP disabled, RSB filling
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affectedSo clearly most of them are mitigated ! Which is an awesome news !!
So that means 2 cores with a total of 2 threads.
RAM: 10GB
Code:
root@shadow:~# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 10205088 kBCode:
root@shadow:~# lshw | grep ecc
capabilities: ecc
configuration: errordetection=multi-bit-eccStorage: HDD 300 GB
Network: 1 Gbps
Bandwidth: unmetered (FUP)
Virtualization: KVM - full hardware virtualisation
IP address: 1 IPv4
Control Panel: Virtualizor
Location: Germany
I upgraded to latest dev version of Ubuntu during all this, which is 20.04
Code:
root@shadow:~# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu Focal Fossa (development branch)"
VERSION_ID="20.04"Code:
root@shadow:~# uname -a
Linux shadow 5.5.0-050500-generic #202001262030 SMP Mon Jan 27 01:33:36 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/LinuXVPS Usage:
I hope none will mind if I only mention the regular things I do on this VPS. I do not want to embarrass myself.
>> Downloading and working through different versions of source codes to find the changes and learn and modify them. I have very slow internet and I move a lot. So this server is like my online lab that is always there for me.
>> Learning to configure old and new softwares and set ups on VPS. I do all kind of weird combinations with that stuff. It helps me learn things a lot.
>> I was going to host some websites. two of those I moved away to a much lower spec VPS and one friend who had loads of pdf educational materials and a fairly big site with good traffic went ahead and bought a multi-year plan from a very useless webhost just to save money and now suffering as hell.
>> I have developed multiple websites on it. From fairly simple ones to multi-page adaptive ones.
>> I am really afraid to use too much of CPU and hurt the other users on the machine besides me. So I never run compiles on it, which I hope I will get to do when I buy a paid one from them when I am ready and have some more time to spare.
>> We all lesser mortals are in the shadows of HR here. Though I have no complaint. He deserves that. I hope I will find some time soon to write up some of the crazy stuffs I learned to do while using it.
>> I will probably be taking part in an online data science course and I am sure this VPS will be a godsend. AI has been a constant source of excitement to me. Though I am more interested in the theories.
Performance:
I will start with cpu benchmarks. Then it will be storage and network in that order.
CPU Benchmarks -
I actually did three runs of Geekbench 5. It uses i3 8100 as base with 1000 score and these scores are relative to that. So as you can see, with two threads, it is like having two cores of i3 8100, almost, with ECC RAM. will talk more on this in the final words at the end.*1*
First one with Ubuntu 19.04, kernel 5.0.0-36-generic
718 - Single-Core Score
1432 - Multi-Core Score
Now on Ubuntu 20.10 with kernel 5.4.0-12-generic
725 - Single-Core Score
1387 - Multi-Core Score
This is Ubuntu 20.10 with kernel 5.5.0-050500-generic
729 - Single-Core Score
1459 - Multi-Core Score
Here is a search at Geekbench 5 browser with i3 8100.
i3 8100
I won't be doing Unixbench. Cause I think they are old enough to be even more useless than geekbench. Given all the specialised ISA and hardware accelerators, it is getting really hard to compare general performance in a meaningful way. So it is always better to know exactly what you want to do and find out the various possible ways of implementing them and may be then you could go on comparing their performance on various parameters. That will be a heavily specialised one. But much more useful than a general score thrown out by such benchmark softwares.
Storage Benchmark:
dd:
NOTE - Everyone loves to see dd results on reviews. But keep it in mind that dd is single threaded and sequential. So it is one of the worst in giving you an idea on real life performance of your storage. Especially on a VPS that involves shared environment and multiple threads.
fio and ioping are the proper utilities for that. But since testing with fio and a 4GB will take 50 minutes or more, I will refrain from doing that in this case. If you really want to see the results, you may request in your reply below and I will comply.
write speed -
Code:
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 23.7881 s, 45.1 MB/s
root@shadow:~# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024; sync
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 27.7186 s, 38.7 MB/sRead speed -
Read speed from cache,
Code:
root@shadow:~# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.133126 s, 8.1 GB/s
root@shadow:~# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.167328 s, 6.4 GB/sDirect read speed from HDD -
Code:
root@shadow:~# /sbin/sysctl -w vm.drop_caches=3
vm.drop_caches = 3
root@shadow:~# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 23.7659 s, 45.2 MB/shdparm - cached
Code:
root@shadow:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 22106 MB in 1.99 seconds = 11110.30 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 254 MB in 3.01 seconds = 84.46 MB/sec
root@shadow:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 21948 MB in 1.99 seconds = 11029.98 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 380 MB in 3.00 seconds = 126.60 MB/sec
root@shadow:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 21660 MB in 1.99 seconds = 10885.05 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 284 MB in 3.00 seconds = 94.66 MB/sechdparm - direct
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# hdparm -Tt --direct /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads: 576 MB in 2.03 seconds = 284.31 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 258 MB in 3.01 seconds = 85.69 MB/sec
root@shadow:~/S# hdparm -Tt --direct /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads: 728 MB in 2.00 seconds = 363.66 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 294 MB in 3.01 seconds = 97.68 MB/sec
root@shadow:~/S# hdparm -Tt --direct /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads: 838 MB in 2.00 seconds = 418.36 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 314 MB in 3.01 seconds = 104.34 MB/secUsing S - this project on github aims to mimic real life usage to calculate performance. Here we see a throughput test under various read and write loads using different schedulers.
This is a much better way to do the testing. It uses fio and results are said to be more realistic.
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# ./run_multiple_benchmarks/run_main_benchmarks.sh "throughput"
Computing overall stats
-------------------------------------------------------
# throughput
# First column: Workload
# Next columns: Aggregate throughput [MB/sec], or X if results are
# unreliable because workloads did not stop when asked to
# Reference case: 1r-seq
# Reference-case meaning: Peak rate with one sequential reader
#
# Workload mq-deadline bfq kyber
none
10r-rand 0.379 0.554 0.517714
0.434857
10r-seq 37.8521 39.6158 37.8905
30.2475
1r-seq 55.2812 61.4688 45.9338
57.625
5r5w-rand 0.71 0.696 0.763
0.962333
5r5w-seq 35.716 34.1175 33.7495
28.49
-------------------------------------------------------I recently installed graphical interface (gui). You could get some idea of how fast the system responds from its bootup time.
Code:
root@shadow:~# systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 2.008s (kernel) + 34.846s (userspace) = 36.854s
graphical.target reached after 34.830s in userspaceFinally we come to ioping.
ioping
disk seek rate -
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -R /dev/sda
--- /dev/sda (block device 300 GiB) ioping statistics ---
600 requests completed in 3.01 s, 2.34 MiB read, 199 iops, 798.3 KiB/s
generated 601 requests in 3.01 s, 2.35 MiB, 199 iops, 798.6 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 257.6 us / 5.01 ms / 95.7 ms / 10.0 msdisk sequential speed (MiB/s)
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -RL /dev/sda
--- /dev/sda (block device 300 GiB) ioping statistics ---
1.45 k requests completed in 2.96 s, 361.8 MiB read, 489 iops, 122.4 MiB/s
generated 1.45 k requests in 3.00 s, 362 MiB, 482 iops, 120.7 MiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 416.0 us / 2.04 ms / 111.2 ms / 6.62 msDisk I/O latency in various modes:
Default mode
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 67.2 ms, 76 KiB read, 282 iops, 1.10 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 495.3 us / 3.54 ms / 17.1 ms / 5.45 msCode:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 -A /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 88.6 ms, 76 KiB read, 214 iops, 858.2 KiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 506.5 us / 4.66 ms / 31.6 ms / 7.56 msCode:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 -D /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 98.3 ms, 76 KiB read, 193 iops, 773.3 KiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 493.7 us / 5.17 ms / 27.2 ms / 6.58 msCode:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 -C /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 201.6 us, 76 KiB read, 94.2 k iops, 368.1 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 6.89 us / 10.6 us / 12.4 us / 1.08 usCode:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 -W /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 892.3 ms, 76 KiB written, 21 iops, 85.2 KiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.1 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.19 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 6.95 ms / 47.0 ms / 238.0 ms / 51.1 msCode:
root@shadow:~/S# ioping -c 20 -G /tmp
--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/sda1) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 619.2 ms, 76 KiB, 30 iops, 122.7 KiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 509.0 us / 32.6 ms / 154.6 ms / 36.3 ms#comment on ioping results#
This being a QEMU virtualized disk, the results are consistent with that bit of information. the improvement at cached mode is due to in system caching and the increase in delay at write and alternate read/write mode , which can be considered as more realistic measures, are witness to the effect of virtualization and caching at other levels.
Network Benchmark:
Using the post4VPS benchmark script [thanks to HR and sohamb03]
Code:
Speedtest (IPv4 only)
---------------------
Your public IPv4 is ****
LocationProviderSpeed
CDNCachefly50.7MB/s
Atlanta, GA, USColoat13.2MB/s
Dallas, TX, USSoftlayer11.9MB/s
Seattle, WA, USSoftlayer10.2MB/s
San Jose, CA, USSoftlayer9.46MB/s
Washington, DC, USLeaseweb 15.1MB/s
Sao Paulo, Brazil Softlayer7.34MB/s
Singapore Softlayer9.32MB/s
Taiwan Hinet 6.27MB/s
Tokyo, Japan Linode6.52MB/s
Nuremberg, GermanyHetzner97.5MB/s
Rotterdam, Netherlandsid3.net81.5MB/s
Haarlem, NetherlandsLeaseweb102MB/s
Milan, ItalySoftlayer81.5MB/s
Melbourne, AUSoftlayer6.27MB/sspeedtest.net
Code:
root@shadow:~/S# speedtest --share
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Testing from Hetzner Online GmbH (****)...
Retrieving speedtest.net server list...
Selecting best server based on ping...
Hosted by GameAddicted (Lauterbach) [74.17 km]: 3.121 ms
Testing download speed................................................................................
Download: 920.98 Mbit/s
Testing upload speed................................................................................................
Upload: 924.12 Mbit/sSPECIAL NOTE ON HARDWARE:-
If you run hardware detection utilities, you will see that there is VGA hardware. But do not turn on the VGA option in control panel. It will just keep your system from booting. I had to do a support request for that. Simply because I never expected that to cause this.
That VGA is an emulated one by QEMU. hence dont expect hardware graphics acceleration.
Final Words :-
I think all the information I have already provided up there speaks for itself. The processor is Ivy Bridge 130W 22nm 6core/12threads chip released in 2013.
*1*
1) You get AVX on it, but no AVX 2, F16C, FMA3 which you get in i3 8100. That is one of the reason why single core Geekbench 5 score for the i3 is mostly around 950, while for this xeon it hovers around 700. But if you check their average Geekbench 4 scores, they appear much closer in single core rating (both hanging around 4000 with i3 8100 almost always just couple hundred ahead). This Xeon also has almost 1.5 times memory bandwidth, Higher on-chip cache and the benefit of ECC relative to i3 8100, even though it takes DDR3 RAM. So that and the 6c/12t explains its high multi-core performance.
So basically we have two fairly powerful cores here. More than enough for all the jobs I usually do on it.
1A) Shadow Hosting have very generous CPU usage restriction in their TOS. It says, "On VPS, you may not use 90% CPU for more than 30 minutes.". I have seen 5/10/15 minutes.
2) The storage performance I think is totally awesome for HDD based system. No two words about it.
3) When it comes to network, it brings a smile on my face. Ipv6 allocation would be a nice bonus. But there is HE tunnels, for all your ipv6 needs.
4) no TSX on it. So no hardware bugs from it. Unfortunately the SGX is there. But from our investigations above, it seems most of the issues are well taken care of. Do I need to remind you that it is at Hetzner DC after all.
Therefore, Considering all the above, I would say Shadow Hosting has a pretty solid platform there and I would not hesitate to recommend them to anyone looking for entry to mid level VPS with enough RAM and storage.
Quality of support:
First, dear reader, let me remind you that I am on a fairly high spec VPS sponsored by Shadow Hosting which I am using free of cost, as a perk of being an active member of this vibrant community. Hence I never expect [and I think no one at my position here should expect] the level of service that you will get when you are a paying customer. That is a no-brainer.
But what surprised me about Shadow Hosting and Manal, the guy running this show, is how quick he is at responding to any question or problem, even here on Post4VPS. So far I had to open two support request threads. The reason for one of them were mentioned above [VGA selection in control panel]. On both occasions, he responded within 12 hours with the solution. It was in the second month of my use. I was doing a lot of experiments back then on ways to set up the VPS.
In short, The level of service is very prompt and of the highest quality I have ever experienced. I wish it stays this way, so I can keep on recommending them to people in need of a reliable hosting.
Note.
Well, I never ever misuse things ! But "abuse" is a word that can be applied to my use cases sometimes, without much of a stretch to its meaning. I always liked to explore. "How else can I do this ?" or "Could I really not do it if I tried harder ?" are some of my favourite questions ! And this amazing VPS 4 has never let me down so far !
sadly i got banned for trying to download a tv show torrent with very low seeder count [old unpopular one. not downloading in india].
So everyone looking for VPS from shadow hosting, remember that they actively monitor and ban you for using torrent to download copyrighted material or tv shows, i.e. they don't practice 'looking the other way' like many other providers out there. So very good vps for other uses. But certainly not for torrent use, not even occasionally... not even once..
They don't shy away from being strict, which might actually be in your favour by keeping the resources more available.
Hello Community
I am Honey and I've been a proud owner of this VPS for a whole year(this month completes the year), and I believe for the services It has offered me, the VPS has long deserved a proper review inside out.
I'll start out by displaying the specs, the VPS is a very strong VPS offered here on P4V, in fact, It only seconds to one or two other VPSes
Code:
System Info
-----------
Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz
CPU Cores : 2
Frequency : 3399.998 MHz
Memory : 3944 MB
Swap : 4095 MB
Uptime : 131 days, 6:38,
OS : Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Arch : x86_64 (64 Bit)
Kernel : 4.15.0-22-generic
Hostname : host.pvp.coolMy personal use case was mostly for game servers and web hosting, in both of which, It proved to be a great server. The game I was hosting was Minecraft, which is known to be a ram hogger, however, It was able to run even modpacks(modded mc) without any problem, that's because the CPU has good single-threaded performance then what's usually offered. I used to own VPS 9 before switching, and one of the main reasons I switched to this VPS was the location. The ping difference was half, so if you reside in Asia and don't require too much ram then this is THE VPS for you.
As mentioned, I was also using this for hosting websites, Its still hosting 2 websites for my school events, here's the stats on one of them.
Cloudflare Image Link
As you can see, 18k requests in a month, but It had no difficulties hosting that site, I had also installed a Minecraft server panel on the VPS to make it easy for my friends to start/stop the MC Server when they want to, and It always functioned without any issues.
Coming to the topic of internet connectivity, I've faced no issues with the server in that regard ever, Here's the speed test benchmark.
![[Image: 8996187010.png]](https://www.speedtest.net/result/8996187010.png)
Here's a location-based speed test if it interests you,
Code:
Speedtest (IPv4 only)
---------------------
Your public IPv4 is 138.201.99.146
Location Provider Speed
CDN Cachefly 80.2MB/s
Atlanta, GA, US Coloat 6.47MB/s
Dallas, TX, US Softlayer 5.38MB/s
Seattle, WA, US Softlayer 4.88MB/s
San Jose, CA, US Softlayer 4.82MB/s
Washington, DC, US Leaseweb 11.5MB/s
Tokyo, Japan Linode 6.89MB/s
Singapore Softlayer 4.90MB/s
Taiwan Hinet 3.10MB/s
Rotterdam, Netherlands id3.net 92.3MB/s
Haarlem, Netherlands Leaseweb 109MB/sThe speed varies but Its mostly up to the mark, as seen in the picture above.
About the IO part, I never really knew how to notice IO speeds and how they could affect me, but crediting the fluid performance of the server, I think these IO numbers are considered good enough.
Code:
Disk Speed
----------
I/O (1st run) : 58.0 MB/s
I/O (2nd run) : 105 MB/s
I/O (3rd run) : 85.4 MB/s
Average I/O : 82 MB/s or .08 GB/sAnother big feature of VPS 5 is the presence of a control panel, meaning I don't really need to ask the admins when I want the OS reinstalled or restart the server if needed, which is very very helpful especially when you're trying out something experimental, I believe the control panel deserves a good compliment as It always functions just like It should.
Continuing my benchmarks, here is a web server performance benchmark by ApacheBench.
Code:
root@host:~# ab -n 5000 -c 500 http://localhost:80/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1807734 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking localhost (be patient)
Completed 500 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Completed 1500 requests
Completed 2000 requests
Completed 2500 requests
Completed 3000 requests
Completed 3500 requests
Completed 4000 requests
Completed 4500 requests
Completed 5000 requests
Finished 5000 requests
Server Software: Apache/2.4.29
Server Hostname: localhost
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 10918 bytes
Concurrency Level: 500
Time taken for tests: 0.904 seconds
Complete requests: 5000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 55960000 bytes
HTML transferred: 54590000 bytes
Requests per second: 5530.71 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 90.404 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.181 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 60448.94 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 1 4.4 0 25
Processing: 5 37 133.8 14 879
Waiting: 3 36 133.8 14 879
Total: 11 38 137.2 14 904
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 14
66% 14
75% 15
80% 16
90% 21
95% 30
98% 879
99% 892
100% 904 (longest request)As you can see, Apache handled 5000 requests in under a second, that's how blazingly responsive it is!
GeekBench V3: https://browser.geekbench.com/geekbench3/8841733
ByteUnix Benchmark:
Code:
========================================================================
BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)
System: host.pvp.cool: GNU/Linux
OS: GNU/Linux -- 4.15.0-22-generic -- #24-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 16 12:15:17 UTC 2018
Machine: x86_64 (x86_64)
Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="UTF-8", collate="UTF-8")
CPU 0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz (6800.0 bogomips)
x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET
CPU 1: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz (6800.0 bogomips)
x86-64, MMX, Physical Address Ext, SYSENTER/SYSEXIT, SYSCALL/SYSRET
05:26:10 up 131 days, 8:38, 1 user, load average: 1.33, 0.71, 0.43; runlevel 2019-09-21
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Jan 31 2020 05:26:10 - 05:56:00
2 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 45166567.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 3680.2 MWIPS (15.2 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 5052.6 lps (29.3 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 792222.0 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 205818.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 2272534.6 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 1128459.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 129301.3 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 12266.9 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 12028.1 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 2291.8 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 804499.6 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 45166567.3 3870.3
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 3680.2 669.1
Execl Throughput 43.0 5052.6 1175.0
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 792222.0 2000.6
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 205818.6 1243.6
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 2272534.6 3918.2
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 1128459.6 907.1
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 129301.3 323.3
Process Creation 126.0 12266.9 973.6
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 12028.1 2836.8
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 2291.8 3819.7
System Call Overhead 15000.0 804499.6 536.3
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 1383.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: Fri Jan 31 2020 05:56:00 - 06:25:50
2 CPUs in system; running 2 parallel copies of tests
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 88400419.9 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone 7443.9 MWIPS (14.7 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput 9482.7 lps (29.4 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 1439935.5 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 377826.7 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 3920139.4 KBps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput 2213643.4 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching 461052.5 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation 20557.1 lps (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 15795.2 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 2436.4 lpm (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead 1502388.0 lps (10.0 s, 7 samples)
System Benchmarks Index Values BASELINE RESULT INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables 116700.0 88400419.9 7575.0
Double-Precision Whetstone 55.0 7443.9 1353.4
Execl Throughput 43.0 9482.7 2205.3
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks 3960.0 1439935.5 3636.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks 1655.0 377826.7 2282.9
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks 5800.0 3920139.4 6758.9
Pipe Throughput 12440.0 2213643.4 1779.5
Pipe-based Context Switching 4000.0 461052.5 1152.6
Process Creation 126.0 20557.1 1631.5
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent) 42.4 15795.2 3725.3
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent) 6.0 2436.4 4060.6
System Call Overhead 15000.0 1502388.0 1001.6
========
System Benchmarks Index Score 2515.9Conclusion
All in all, I beleive this VPS has been a great opportunity for me to be able to learn and experiment on Linux environment and being able to host game servers for my friends, I've been very thankful to Post4VPS Community and ShadowHost for providing us this amazing machine, and I hope that I'll continue to learn more on this VPS. I was planning on installing WordPress next and tinkering with that to perhaps start my own blog, and of course host my friends server where most of the resources are used. If I were to rate this VPS out of 10, It will probably get 11!
Hi,
So I recently came across this phenomenon(idk if u could even call it that tbh) known as "Astral Projection", where supposedly your soul can "exit" your body during your sleep, and then you can explore the "Astral Plane" where you might meet other creatures as well. You can't really interact with the physical world but you can roam around and see stuff. I stumbled upon the topic when I was searching about lucid dreaming(i.e. being aware when you're in a dream and thus being able to control it) and I was surprised to see such a big community of people who actually claim that its a thing and that It opened there perception.
I personally tried methods of astral projection available online(there are many) a few times but didn't really work out so far, so I figured I'd try posting it here just to see if anyone else was even aware of it, Its very different from the usual tech/movies topics that get posted here.
So I recently came across this phenomenon(idk if u could even call it that tbh) known as "Astral Projection", where supposedly your soul can "exit" your body during your sleep, and then you can explore the "Astral Plane" where you might meet other creatures as well. You can't really interact with the physical world but you can roam around and see stuff. I stumbled upon the topic when I was searching about lucid dreaming(i.e. being aware when you're in a dream and thus being able to control it) and I was surprised to see such a big community of people who actually claim that its a thing and that It opened there perception.
I personally tried methods of astral projection available online(there are many) a few times but didn't really work out so far, so I figured I'd try posting it here just to see if anyone else was even aware of it, Its very different from the usual tech/movies topics that get posted here.
#1: https://www.lowendtalk.com/discussion/16...ak-hostdoc
#2: https://www.lowendtalk.com/discussion/16...ng-hostdoc
Read actual messages by actual customers of HostDoc on LET.
Just for your information. I posted this on the shoutbox, too.
#2: https://www.lowendtalk.com/discussion/16...ng-hostdoc
Read actual messages by actual customers of HostDoc on LET.
Just for your information. I posted this on the shoutbox, too.
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